A 65 YEAR OLD MALE WITH PALPITATIONS

 

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I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of " patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan. 

A 65 year old male agricultural labourer by occupation came to emergency with chief complaints of palpitation since night.

HOPI: yesterday evening after having dinner

Patient slept in bed, the palpitations started at 8pm which is sudden  in onset , persistent until 12 0 clock , aggravated on posture change relieved on it's own. 

patient was apparently asymptomatic 25 years ago  he developed stabbing type of chest pain localized to mitral and pulmonary area lasting for few minutes which is sudden in onset and diagnosed with heart disease(mitral stenosis) and had penicillin prophylaxis for 1 month , heart surgery was done  after few years he had history of exertional palpitations (NYHA class 2) by doing weed cutting or little fast walking or by planting vigorously  

H/o shortness of breath since 15 years, insidious in onset, progressive in nature  aggravated with cold exposure especially in winter season ( January and February )  associated with dry cough during relieved by medication(inhalers) 

Dyspnea is associated with palpitations(Mmrc 2or nyha2)

h/o chest pain from 10 years  stabbing in character .

no h/o syncopal attacks

Past history:

History of hypertension since 5 years , stopped using medication since 2years

history of Diabetes since 5 year and stopped using medication since 2years

no previous hospitalizations due to dyspnea 

H/o bypass surgery 5 years ago .

Personal history:

Dialy qctivities: patient gets up at 6 O clock eats rice with curry at 8 o clock goes to field which is 3 km away by walk slowly  , he does the work( limited work )not as before and eats lunch at 20 clock tea and bun and comes to home at 5 o clock , he relaxes he eats dinner at 8 0 clock mainly rice with curry and sleeps at 9 0clock ., gets up in sleep for urination for 3 times ( no sleep disturbances ) .he eats pan daily from 30 years.

Family : No significant family history 

Treatment history: 

inhalation medication?( cause of palpitation?)

GENERAL EXAMINATION:

patient was conscious coherent and cooperative well oriented to time place and person 

PALLOR: absent




icterus:

visceral fat and arm circumference











no edema


clubbing present grade 2


NO lymphadenopathy

vitals on examination: 58bpk , regular , low volume , no radio radial delay , no abnormality in arterial wall
BP: 90/60 mm h checked in supine position on right side
RR: 16CPM
TEMP: afebrile


CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:
Examination of neck veins: not engorged 
Examination of heart:
on INSPECTION: 
prominent sternal angle
scar mark present on left inframammary region

PALPATION:
mitral area: 
apex beat : 4 th intercoastal space , in mid clavicular line 
no thrills no heaves palpable
AUSCULATION: 
cardiac rate : 58bpm
rhythm : regular 
audible heartaounds , no murmurs
 

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM- 
Patient examined in sitting position
Inspection:-
Upper respiratory tract - oral cavity, nose & oropharynx appears normal. 
Chest appears Bilaterally symmetrical & elliptical in shape
Respiratory movements appear equal on both sides and it's Abdominothoracic type. 
Trachea central in position & Nipples are in 4th Intercoastal space
submammary scar present
No signs of volume loss
No dilated veins,sinuses, visible pulsations. 

Palpation:-
All inspiratory findings confirmed
Trachea central in position
Apical impulse in left 5th ICS, 1cm medial to mid clavicular line
Cricosternal distance is 3finger breadths. 
MEASUREMENTS-
chest circumfere
Chest expansion- 



                                                     




Tactile vocal phremitus- present in all areas 


Percussion:-
                                       Right                     left

Supraclavicular- Resonant (R)                 (R) 

Infraclavicular-              (R)                        (R) 

Mammary-                     (R)                      Dull

Axillary-                          (R)                        (R) 

Infra axillary-                (R)                       (R) 

Suprascapular-             (R)                        (R) 

Interscapular-               (R)                        (R) 

Infrascapular-            (R)                        (R) 

Auscultation:-

                                      Right                     Left

Supraclavicular- Normal vesicular        (NVBS)
                        Breath sounds (NVBS) ..REDUCED

Infraclavicular-          (NVBS)                 (NVBS)

Mammary-                 (NVBS)                 (NVBS)

Axillary-                      (NVBS)                 (NVBS)

Infra axillarry                 (NVBS)              NVBS
                                                          

Suprascapular-          (NVBS)                (NVBS)

Interscapular-            (NVBS)                (NVBS)

Infrascapular-          nvbs      (NVBS)
ABDOMINAL EXAMINATION



INSPECTION

➤Shape - Scaphoid, with no distention.

➤Umbilicus  - everted

➤Equal symmetrical movements in all the quadrants with respiration.

➤No visible pulsation,peristalsis, dilated veins and localized swellings.

PALPATION

➤SUPERICIAL :Local rise of temperature in right hypochondrium with tenderness

 and localised guarding and rigidity.



➤ DEEP :  liver, regular smooth surface  , rounded

 edges soft in consistency, tender, moving with respiration non pulsatile

➤No splenomegaly

➤Abdominal girth : 78cms.

➤xiphesternum to umbilicus distance was equal to umbilicus to pubic distance.

PERCUSSION:
  liver span of 10cm, NOORGANOMEGALY

➤Fluid thrill and shifting dullness absent 

➤puddle sign absent

➤Traubes space : resonant

 AUSCULTATION

➤ Bowel sounds present.

➤No bruit or venous hum.

NO LOCAL LYMPHADENOPATHY


INVESTIGATIONS

ECG shows irregular rhythm tachycardia 
abnormal p wave morphology 
Multifocal tachycardia 

DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS:
 COPD
VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE?
















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